A helical array of pendant fullerenes on a helical poly(phenylacetylene) induced by non-covalent chiral interactions

Novel [60]fullerene-based poly(phenylacetylene)s prepared by the copolymerization of achiral phenylacetylenes bearing a C(60) or crown ether pendant form a one-handed helix upon complexation with L- and D-alanine, yielding a helical array of the pendant fullerenes with a predominant screw-sense along the polymer backbone.     

C36 fullerenes and quasi-fullerenes: computational search through 598 cages

C₃₆ is computed at the SAM1 level and partially also at the HF/4-31G and B3LYP/6-31G^* levels. Altogether 598 cages are generated by a topological Stone–Wales treatment. Three cages contribute by more than 10% to the high-temperature equilibrium isomeric mixture – two conventional fullerenes with D_2d and C_2v symmetries and a C_s quasi-fullerene containing one four-membered ring.     

Analysis of conjugated linoleic acids as 9-anthrylmethyl esters by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A simple and highly sensitive method for determining the fatty acid composition of food lipids containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is described. The method is based on the separation of the 9-anthrylmethyl ester derivatives of saturated and unsaturated (conjugated and non-conjugated) fatty acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Just like the other fatty acids, CLA reacts readily with 9-anthryldiazomethane at room temperature to produce 9-anthrylmethyl esters without isomerization and decomposition of the conjugated double bonds. Clear resolution of the individual fatty acids as their 9-anthrylmethyl esters is achieved on a highly efficient octadecylsilylated silica column (150- x 3-mm i.d., 3-microm particle size) using a stepwise gradient elution with methanol-water. The method is standardized with commercially available CLA isomers (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12-octadecadienoic acids, and their cis,cis and trans,trans isomers) and applied for determination of the fatty acid compositions of milk and sdairy products.     

Synthesis of Optically Active Vasicinone Based on Intramolecular Aza-Wittig Reaction and Asymmetric Oxidation(1)

Both optical isomers of a quinazoline alkaloid, vasicinone, were synthesized by two different methods. The first method used (3S)-3-hydroxy-gamma-lactam as a chiral synthon, which was, after O-TBDMS protection, o-azidobenzoylated followed by treatment with tri-n-butylphosphine to afford (S)-(-)-vasicinone via the tandem Staudinger/intramolecualr aza-Wittig reaction. The second method utilized asymmetric oxygenation of deoxyvasicinone with (1S)-(+)- or (1R)-(-)-(10-camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine (the Davis reagent), respectively. The aza-enolate anion of deoxyvasicinone was treated with (S)-(+)-reagent to afford (R)-(+)-vasicinone in 71% ee, while the reaction with (R)-(-)-reagent gave (S)-(-)-vasicinone in 62% ee. The optical purity was analyzed by HPLC on specially modified cellulose as a stationary phase. These results provided a facile method to prepare both optical isomers of vasicinone and confirmed the recently reversed stereochemistry of natural (-)-vasicinone.     

Determination of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing pesticide residues in vegetables by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus and flame photometric detection after gel permeation chromatography and a two-step minicolumn cleanup

An efficient and reliable multiresidue method for determining pesticide residues in a large number of vegetable samples was studied. First, the important target compounds for monitoring, 52 nitrogen- and/or phosphorus-containing pesticides, were selected. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile, and the separated acetonitrile layer was cleaned up by a salting-out step. The acetonitrile extract was purified by gel permeation chromatography that divided the pesticide eluate into 2 fractions; the pesticide fractions were respectively purified by a 2-step minicolumn cleanup in which the second pesticide fraction was loaded on a silica-gel minicolumn. After a Florisil minicolumn was inserted on the silica-gel minicolumn, the first pesticide fraction was loaded on the tandem minicolumn, which was eluted with acetone-petroleum ether (3 + 7). The combined eluate was subjected to dual-column gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus and flame photometric detection. By application of the optimum cleanup conditions to the 52 pesticides selected, good resolution and low breakdown levels of the pesticides during GC were maintained. Recoveries of the 52 pesticides from fortified cabbage, lettuce, spring onion, and spinach ranged from 72 to 108% with relative standard deviations of 2-17%, except for the recoveries of methamidophos and chlorothalonil. The detection limits of the pesticides were satisfactory (0.001-0.009 mg/kg) for monitoring pesticide residues in vegetables.     

Macromolecular chirality induction on optically inactive poly(4-carboxyphenyl isocyanide) with chiral amines: a dynamic conformational transition of poly(phenyl isocyanide) derivatives

Optically active polyisocyanides (poly(iminomethylenes)) have been prepared with much interest in developing new functional materials. Polyisocyanides have been considered to have a stable 4(1) helical conformation even in solution when they have a bulky side group. However, the conformational characteristics of poly(phenyl isocyanide) (PPI) derivatives are still under debate. We now report that an optically inactive PPI derivative, poly(4-carboxyphenyl isocyanide) (poly-1), shows optical activity in the polymer backbone induced by external, chiral stimuli through acid-base interactions under thermodynamic control and exhibits induced circular dichroism (ICD) in the UV-visible region in DMSO. The ICD intensities of the poly-1-chiral amine complexes in DMSO gradually increased with time, and, in one case, the value reached 3 times that of the original value after 2 months at 30 degrees C. The conformational changes also occurred very slowly for poly-1 alone and its ethyl ester with time on the basis of (1)H NMR spectroscopic analysis. These results indicate that PPIs bearing a less bulky substituent may not have a 4(1) helical conformation but have a different type of prochiral conformation, for instance, an s-trans (zigzag) structure which may transform to a dynamic, one-handed helical conformation when the PPIs have a functional group capable of interacting with chiral compounds. The mechanism of helicity induction on poly-1 through a dynamic conformational transition is discussed on the basis of the above results together with molecular dynamic simulation results for PPI.     

Adsorption of cationic cellulose derivative/anionic surfactant complexes onto solid surfaces. II. Hydrophobized silica surfaces

The effect of the anionic surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) on the adsorption behavior of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (Polymer JR-400) and hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose (Quatrisoft LM-200) at hydrophobized silica has been investigated by null ellipsometry and compared with the previous data for adsorption onto hydrophilic silica surfaces. The adsorbed amount of LM-200 is found to be considerably larger than the adsorbed amount of JR-400 at both surfaces. Both polymers had higher affinity toward hydrophobized silica than to silica. The effect of SDS on polymer adsorption was studied under two different conditions: adsorption of polymer/SDS complexes from premixed solutions and addition of SDS to preadsorbed polymer layers. Association of the surfactant to the polymer seems to control the interfacial behavior, which depends on the surfactant concentration. For the JR-400/SDS complex, the adsorbed amount on hydrophobized silica started to increase progressively from much lower SDS concentrations, while the adsorbed amount on silica increased sharply only slightly below the phase separation region. For the LM-200/SDS complex, the adsorbed amounts increased progressively from very low SDS concentrations at both surfaces, and no large difference in the adsorption behavior was observed between two surfaces below the phase separation region. The complex desorbed from the surface at high SDS concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The reversibility of the adsorption of polymer/SDS complexes upon rinsing was also investigated. When the premixed polymer/SDS solutions at high SDS concentrations (>5 mM) were diluted by adding water, the adsorbed amount increased due to the precipitation of the complex. The effect of the rinsing process on the adsorbed layer was determined by the hydrophobicity of the polymer and the surface.     

Microbiological synthesis of 16-ketopregnanes from steroidal sapogenins

Incubation of diosgenone (1, 25D-spirost-4-en-3-one) with Verticillium theobromae (Turconi) Mason et Hughes (CBS) afforded 20α-hydroxypregn-4<ne-3,16-dione (3) and 3α,11β,20α-trihydroxy-5α-pregnan-16-one (4). The same transformation products were also obtained by the use of Stachylidium bicolor Link (IFO 6647). Isolation and identification processes of the products are discussed.